Hydrostatic Level Sensors as High Precision Ground Motion Instrumentation for Tevatron and Other Energy Frontier Accelerators

摘要

Particle accelerators pushed the limits of our knowledge in search of theanswers to most fundamental questions about micro-world and our Universe. Inthese pursuits, accelerators progressed to higher and higher energies andparticle beam intensities as well as increasingly smaller and smaller beamsizes. As the result, modern existing and planned energy frontier acceleratorsdemand very tight tolerances on alignment and stability of their elements:magnets, accelerating cavities, vacuum chambers, etc. In this article wedescribe the instruments developed for and used in such accelerators asFermilab's Tevatron (FNAL, Batavia, IL USA) and for the studies toward anInternational Linear Collider (ILC). The instrumentation includes HydrostaticLevel Sensors (HLS) for very low frequency measurements. We present designfeatures of the sensors, outline their technical parameters, describe test andcalibration procedures and discuss different regimes of operation. Experimentalresults of the ground motion measurements with these detectors will bepresented in subsequent paper.